8th Grade
Art Test Friday, March 8, 2018
Elements of Art and Principles of Design (Posted 3/1/19)

 

Elements of Art

The building blocks of visual art
 

Line

An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line may be two-or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract
 A dot that follows a path

Shape

An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width. 

Form

Objects having three dimensions (3D).  Height, width, and depth. (as in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). 

Color

An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value, and intensity.

• Hue: name of color 
• Value: hue’s lightness and darkness (a color’s value changes when white or black is added) 
• Intensity: quality of brightness and purity (high intensity= color is strong and bright; low intensity= color is faint and dull) 

Value

The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway between these extremes is called middle gray.

Texture

How something feels or looks like it would feel if you could touch it. There are two kinds of texture: Real (how something actually feels, such as a sculpture) and Implied (when an artist paints or draws a texture but it is artificial

Space / Perspective

An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense of depth achieved ina work of art . 

• Positive space refers to the part of the artwork that takes up space. Negative space is the area around that object.
• Space refers to the area in which art is organized.
• Perspective is representing a volume of space or a 3-dimensional object on a flat surface.

 

Principles of Design

The use or arrangement of the building blocks of visual art
 

Pattern

is the repeating of an object or symbol to create an overall design. 

Rhythm/Movement

repeating similar elements throughout the composition for smooth visual transitions 

Proportion/Scale

relationship of all parts to each other and to the whole

Balance

is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. Balance is often referred to as symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial.

Unity

Is the harmony of all the elements.

Emphasis

Is given to the center of interest. It can be dark, light, big, small, colorful, or dull. It’s the first thing people can look at. It can be anything to anyone. Basically, the focal point. 

Harmony

The arrangement of elements to give the viewer the feeling that all the parts of the piece form a consistent whole

Variety

The use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through the work of art. 
 
 
 

Color Theory

 

Primary Colors

The primary colors are red, yellow, and blue. All other colors come from a combination of these three colors.
 

Secondary Colors

Secondary colors are more advanced. Three more colors are added, and created from mixing different variation of the three primary colors. The three secondary colors are; green orange and purple.
 

Tertiary Colors

Tertiary colors are formed by mixing a primary and a secondary color together. Therefore, they create a two word color. Tertiary colors are yellow-orange, red-orange, red-purple, blue-purple, blue-green, and yello- green.
 

Value/Default Color Scheme

This color scheme is the basic color palate. Black, white and gray are the only colors in this color scheme.
 

Warm Color Scheme

Brings you audience in towards your art. This color scheme is considered to be energetic and make you feel a sense of warmth and comfort. The sun gives us the colors of warmth. Warm colors are red, orange, and yellow. 
 

Cool Color Scheme

Tends to send your audience away from your art. The sky, the mountains, the ocean. Cool colors are meant to provide a sense of relaxation and peacefulness. Cool colors consist of blue, green, and purple.
 

Complimentary Color Scheme

These are colors that are directly opposite each other on the color wheel, yet they create very pleasing and interesting works of art! These are very bold color combinations and can be hard to use in a large quantity. A color combination such as green, red-orange, and red-violet would be an example of a complimentary color scheme. 
 

Analogous Color Scheme

These are colors that are neighbors on the color wheel. Blue, blue-green, and green would be an example of an analogous color scheme.
 

Monochromatic Color Scheme

A monochromatic color scheme is different shades of a single color. Think about the ocean, and all of the varying colors of blue. Colors ranging from a deep navy blue to a perfect delicate hue of turquoise.